Convert between various units of electric potential, including volts, millivolts, kilovolts, and more.
Multiply the number of volts by 1,000 to get millivolts.
Example: 5 V × 1,000 = 5,000 mV
Multiply the number of kilovolts by 1,000 to get volts.
Example: 2 kV × 1,000 = 2,000 V
Divide the number of millivolts by 1,000 to get volts.
Example: 2,500 mV ÷ 1,000 = 2.5 V
Volts to Millivolts:
Kilovolts to Volts:
Volts to Abvolts:
Statvolt to Volts:
Action potentials in neurons operate at around 70-90 millivolts. These tiny voltage differences are crucial for nerve signaling.
Modern smartphones typically operate with internal voltages between 3.7V (battery) and 1.8V or lower for processor cores.
Car electrical systems operate at 12V DC, while hybrid vehicles may use high-voltage systems of 400V or more for electric motors.
Long-distance power transmission lines operate at extremely high voltages (up to 765kV AC or ±800kV DC) to minimize energy losses.
Industrial motors often run on 480V three-phase power in the US, providing more efficient power delivery for heavy machinery.
Defibrillators deliver a controlled electric shock of around 1,000-2,000V to reset the heart's electrical activity during cardiac emergencies.
Question 1: How many volts are in 2.5 kilovolts?
Answer: 2,500 volts
Conversion: kV × 1,000 = V, so 2.5 × 1,000 = 2,500
Question 2: If a circuit requires 500 millivolts, what is this value in volts?
Answer: 0.5 volts
Conversion: mV ÷ 1,000 = V, so 500 ÷ 1,000 = 0.5
Question 3: Using Ohm's Law, what voltage is needed to push 2 amperes through a 6 ohm resistor?
Answer: 12 volts
Using V = I × R: 2A × 6Ω = 12V
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Electric potential, commonly known as voltage, is the amount of work needed to move a unit of electric charge from a reference point to a specific point against an electric field. The SI unit of electric potential is the volt (V), which is defined as one joule of energy per coulomb of charge.
A fundamental relationship in electrical engineering that relates voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R):
Where V is in volts, I is in amperes, and R is in ohms.
| Application | Typical Voltage Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Nerve cell signals | -70 to +30 mV | Action potentials in biology |
| Digital electronics | 1.8 to 5 V | Logic levels in integrated circuits |
| Batteries (AA, AAA) | 1.5 V | Standard alkaline cells |
| Car battery | 12 V | Lead-acid automotive battery |
| Household electricity (US) | 120 V AC | Standard wall outlet |
| Household electricity (Europe) | 230 V AC | Standard wall outlet |
| Power distribution lines | 4 kV to 33 kV | Local distribution |
| High-voltage transmission | 100 kV to 1 MV | Long-distance power transmission |
| Lightning | 100 MV to 1 GV | Natural electrical discharge |
The potential energy (PE) of a charge (q) in an electric field is related to the electric potential (V) by:
Where PE is in joules, q is in coulombs, and V is in volts.
